A multiple choice question in an assessment provides pre-written choices from which the student will select.  You can restrict the correct answers to one selection, or allow multiple selections for a correct answer.

A true false question requires students to indicate whether a statement is true or false.

A short answer or essay question requires students to enter an answer in the Rich-Text Editor.  They can enter text or embed links, images or other media.

A file upload question requires students to upload a file for their response.  For example, create an essay question using the file upload question type to have students submit a Word document containing their response.

A matching question includes a numbered list of choices and a corresponding drop-down list of matches.

A fill in the blank question presents students with a sentence or paragraph that includes text boxes where they will enter missing text.

A numeric response question is similar to a fill in the blank question; numeric response presents students with a sentence, paragraph, or formula that includes text boxes where they must enter numbers to fill in the blanks.

A calculated question includes variables randomly pulled from a range you specify.  It is similar to numeric response in that it presents students with a sentence, paragraph, or formula that includes text boxes where they must enter numbers to solve the problem.

A student audio response question requires students to record audio for their answer using a microphone.  Students must select a link to open the audio recorder.

A survey question can have a simple yes or no response, or require participants to select a response from a range of options, such as strongly disagree to strongly agree or a scale of 1-5.

A survey - matrix of choices question provides participants with a table where they must select options for each row from corresponding columns.